WOMEN AND THE CHALLENGES OF CASHEW NUT PROCESSING IN ABIA STATE

Abstract

Cashew is a multipurpose tree crop that is economically grown for its apple, nuts and wood. Apart from being a source of useful products and by-products for food, Cashew processing presents a unique opportunity to empower women. However, the local processing methods adopted by women in Abia state are labour intensive and involve tedious activities that are time-consuming. Therefore, this study researched ways in which poor processing techniques affect the productivity of female cashew processors, with the aim to find out measures that can alleviate these constraints and enhance the productivity of female cashew processors. The study adopted survey research design, while data used for the study was collected from a total of one hundred and sixty-two rural women in Isuikwuato Local Government Area, using simple random sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was a 21-item structured questionnaire containing closed-ended questions which were mainly Likertt type of questions. Face validity was employed, while a pilot study was carried out, to determine if the responses would be in line with the expected outcome from the research work. The instrument was employed twice, while the data obtained were subjected to a reliability test using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient Statistical Procedure which showed a correlation coefficient of 0.837. Findings indicated that the women involved in cashew processing in Abia state contend with several challenges like insecurity, rigorous cleaning, sorting, shelling, peeling, grading and packaging processes. However, strategies such as the use of cheap labour involving mostly members of their households, an extension of work hours, use of coconut oil to protect their skin, combining cashew business with other forms of businesses as well as selling raw cashew nuts rather than the processed ones were the various ways in which they are able to cope with their challenges. Based on this, measures comprising formation of cooperative societies, provision of protective vests, provision of adequate storage and processing facilities as well as efficient price regulation were agreed to be the possible way forward. Accordingly, the study concluded that
considering the economic relevance of the cashew industry in Nigeria, there is need to urgently strengthen the sector. The paper therefore recommended amongst others, that government should double its efforts in providing adequate processing equipment and
storage facilities to reduce the drudgery and huge losses in the cashew processing industry